A Primer in Chinese Buddhist Writings
Volume One: Foundations
The Scripture of the Great Origin (Dàběn jīng 大本經): Selected passages from the Dàběn jīng
The passages below follow the order of the original. I have skipped some of the introductory material that lists the date of translation (we will cover Chinese dates later in the class), and have skipped most of the verse. Passages deleted are noted with ellipses.
You should memorize all of the characters in the vocabulary lists with the exception of rarer words, in parentheses, which you may want to save for later. Here again, your goal should be to reach a point at which you can read and translate the passages without recourse to your own notes, the vocabulary lists or the renditions in the English translation volume. When I have used these materials in class, students are only allowed to bring the passages appended at the end of the volume (from page 132) stripped of glossaries and grammatical explanations.
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §1
各 | gè | each |
共 | gòng | together (we have previously seen 具 and 俱, each also meaning “together”) |
賢 | xián | wise, sagacious |
飲 | yín | to drink |
脩 | xiū | long |
短 | duǎn | short |
(更) | gèng | to experience |
解 | jǐe | understanding |
住 | zhù | to abide, to dwell (either literally where or how he lived, or metaphorically, as in to “dwell in” a particular state) |
別 | bié | to distinguish |
云何 | yúnhé | how, why |
法性 | fǎxìng | dharma nature, Skt. dharmatā |
來 | lái | to come |
一時,佛在舍衛國祇樹花林窟,與大比丘眾千二百五十人俱。時,諸比丘於乞食後,集花林堂。各共議言:「諸賢比丘,唯無上尊為最奇特、神通遠達、威力弘大,乃知過去無數諸佛入於涅槃、斷諸結使、消滅戱論。又知彼佛劫數多少、名號、姓字、所生種族、其所飲食、壽命脩短、所更苦樂。又知彼佛有如是戒、有如是法、有如是慧、有如是解、有如是住。云何?諸賢,如來為善別法性知如是事,為諸天來語,乃知此事。」
Note: Above, 諸賢比丘 could be taken to mean “among the worthy monks,” but we would expect the character zhōng 中 in the phrase to indicate “among,” and elsewhere, similar sentences begin by addressing the audience. Note below how often the Buddha begins a phrase by saying “bhikṣus.”
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §2
詣 | yì | to go to, to arrive at |
就 | jiù | then, thereupon; to go to, to approach |
哉 | zāi | (exclamation, indicates emphasis) |
平等 | píngděng | equal, with equanimity, non-discriminating |
信 | xìn | faith |
修 | xiū | to cultivate, practice |
道 | dào | the Way, path, the Tao; to speak |
應 | yīng | should, ought to |
行 | xíng | conduct, action |
凡 | fán | in total, overall |
業 | yè | karma; duties, tasks |
曰 | yuē | is called (we saw above meaning “to speak”) |
賢聖 | xiánshèng | wise and sagely (from Skt. bhadra and arya) |
講法 | jiǎngfǎ | to lecture on the Law, to speak on the Dharma |
正 | zhèng | right; just so; truly |
亦 | yì | also, in addition |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §3
識 | shí | to know |
宿命智 | sùmìngzhì | knowledge of past lives |
願 | yuàn | to be willing |
奉 | fèng | respectfully |
分別 | fēnbié | one by one; to analyze |
解說 | jiěshuō | explain |
九 | jiǔ | nine |
毘婆尸 | Pípóshī | (Skt.) Vipaśyin |
出現 | chūxiàn | to appear |
于 | yú | (preposition) at, in, by |
復次 | fùcì | moreover, furthermore, and so (we will later see fù by itself. In this text it is used as the compound fùcì only at the beginning of sentences.) |
尸棄 | Shīqì | (Skt.) Śikhi |
中 | zhōng | in, among, during |
毘舍婆 | Píshèpó | (Skt.) Viśvabhu |
賢劫 | xiánjíe | lit., “the worthy aeon,” (Skt.) bhadrakalpa. This is the kalpa in which we live. |
拘樓孫 | Jūlóusūn | (Skt.) Krakucchanda |
拘那含 | Jū’nàhán | (Skt.) Kanakamuni |
亦 | yì | also, furthermore |
最正覺 | zuìzhèngjué | lit., “most correct awakening”, Skt. abhisaṃbuddha |
佛告諸比丘:「諦聽,諦聽。善思念之。吾當為汝分別解說」。時,諸比丘受教而聽。佛告諸比丘:「過去九十一劫,時世有佛名毘婆尸,如來至真。出現于世。復次,比丘,過去三十一劫,有佛名尸棄,如來至真。出現於世。復次,比丘,即彼三十一劫中,有佛名毘舍婆,如來至真。出現於世。復次,比丘,此賢劫中有佛名拘樓孫。又名拘那含。又名迦葉。我今亦於賢劫中成最正覺」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §4
七 | qī | seven |
六 | liù | six |
少 | shǎo | few |
出 | chū | go beyond, exceed |
多 | duō | many |
減 | jiǎn | reduce; less than |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §5
剎利 | chālì | (Skt.) kṣatriya, the ruling class |
種 | zhǒng | class |
姓 | xìng | surname |
拘利若 | Jūlìruò | (Skt.) Kauṇḍinya |
婆羅門 | pōluómén | (Skt.) brahmin |
瞿曇 | Jùtán | (Skt.) Gautama |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §6
波波羅樹 | bōbōluóshù | Skt. pāṭalī, “trumpet-flower tree” |
分陀利樹 | fēntuōlìshù | Skt. puṇḍarī, “lotus tree” |
娑羅樹 | suōluóshù | Skt. śāla, “shala tree” |
尸利沙樹 | shīlìshāshù | Skt. śirīṣa, “acacia tree” |
烏暫婆羅門樹 | wúzànpóluómenshù | Skt. uḍumbara, “cluster fig tree” |
尼拘律樹 | níjūlǜshù | Skt. nyagrodha, “banyan tree” |
鉢多樹 | bōduōshù | Skt. pippala, “sacred fig tree” |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §7
會 | huì | gathering |
初 | chū | first; at first |
次 | cì | next |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §8
騫茶 | Jiǎnchá | (personal name), Skt. Skanda |
提舍 | Tíshě | (personal name), Skt. Tiṣya |
中 | zhōng | middle; among |
第一 | dìyī | first |
阿毘浮 | pífú | (personal name), Skt. Abhibhū |
三婆婆 | Sānpōpō | (personal name), Skt. Saṃbhava |
扶遊 | Fúyóu | (personal name), Skt. Śroṇa |
鬱多摩 | Yùduōmó | (personal name), Skt. Uttama |
薩尼 | Sāní | (personal name), Skt. Saṃjīva |
毘樓 | Pílóu | (personal name), Skt. Vidhūra |
舒槃那 | Shūpánnà | (personal name), Skt. Bhujiṣya |
鬱多樓 | Yùduōlóu | (personal name), Skt. Uttara |
婆羅婆 | Póluópó | (personal name), Skt. Bhāradvāja |
舍利弗 | Shèlìfú | (personal name), Skt. Śāriputra |
目揵連 | Mùjiànlián | (personal name), Skt. Maudgalyāyana |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §9
執事 | zhíshì | administrative; administrator, attendant |
無憂 | Wúyōu | (personal name) lit. Without Grief, Skt. Aśoka |
忍行 | Rěnxíng | (personal name) lit. Tolerant Practice; P. Khemaṁkara; Skt. Kṣemaṃkara? |
寂滅 | Jìmiè | (personal name) lit. Tranquil Extinction; P. Upasannaka; Skt. Upaśānta? |
善覺 | Shànjué | (personal name) lit. Well-Awakened; P. Buddhija; Skt. Bhadrika? |
安和 | nhé | (personal name) lit. Peaceful Harmony; P. Sotthija; Skt. Svāstika? |
善友 | Shànyǒu | (personal name) lit Good Friend; P. Sabbamitta; Skt. Sarvamitra |
阿難 | Ā'nán | (personal name) Skt. nanda |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §10
方膺 | Fāngyìng | (personal name) lit. “Broad-Shouldered”; Skt. Susaṃvṛttaskandha |
無量 | Wúliàng | (personal name) lit. “Immeasurable”; Skt. Atula |
妙覺 | Miàojué | (personal name) lit. “Marvelous Awakening”; Skt. Suprabuddha |
上勝 | Shàngshèng | (personal name) lit. “Superior”, “Majestic”; Skt. Pratāpana? |
導師 | Dǎoshī | (personal name) lit. “Leader”; Skt. Sārthavāha |
集軍 | Jíjūn | (personal name) lit. “Gathered Army”; Vijitasena |
羅睺羅 | Luóhóuluó | (personal name) Skt. Rāhula |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §11
槃頭 | Pántóu | (personal name) P. Bandhumā; Skt.Pāṇḍu |
槃頭婆提 | Pántóupótí | (personal name) P. Bandhumatī; Skt.? |
治 | zhì | to govern |
城 | chéng | city |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §12
明相 | Míngxiàng | (personal name) lit. “Brightness”; P./Skt. Aruṇa |
光曜 | Guāngyào | (personal name) lit. “Radiance”; P. Pabhāvatī; Skt. Prabhāvatī |
光相 | Guāngxiàng | (personal name) lit. “Brilliance”; P. Aruṇavatī; Skt.? |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §13
善燈 | Shàndēng | (personal name) lit. Good Lamp; P. Suppatīta; Skt. Supradīpa |
稱戒 | Chēngjiè | (personal name) lit. “Proclaim Conduct”; P. Yasavatī; Skt.Uttarā? |
無喻 | Wúyù | (personal name) lit. “Without Compare”; P. Anopama; Skt. Anupama |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §14
祀得 | Sìdé | (personal name) lit. Sacrifice Obtained; P. Aggidatta; Skt. Agnidatta |
善枝 | Shànzhī | (personal name) lit. Good Branch; P. Visākhā; Skt. Viśākhā |
安和 | Ānhé | (personal name) lit. Peaceful Harmony; P. Sotthija; Skt. Svāstika? |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §15
大德 | Dàdé | (personal name) lit. Great Virtue ; P. Yaññadatta; Skt. Yajñadatta? |
善勝 | Shànshèng | (personal name) lit. Skilled in Victory; P. Uttara; Skt. Yaśovati? |
清淨 | Qīngjìng | (personal name) lit. Clear and Pure; P. Sobha; Skt. Śobhavatī? |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §16
梵德 | Fàndé | (personal name) lit. “Brahma Virtue”; Skt./P. Brahmadatta |
財主 | Caízhǔ | (personal name) lit. Patron; P. Dhanavatī; Skt. Viśākhā |
汲毘 | Jípí | (personal name) P. Kikin; Skt. Kṛkin |
波羅奈 | Pōluónài | (personal name) Skt./P. Vārānasī |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §17
淨飯 | Jìngfàn | (personal name) lit. Pure Rice; Skt. Śuddhodana |
大清淨妙 | Dàqīngjìngmiào | (personal name) lit. Great Pure and Marvelous; Skt. Māyā |
迦毘羅衛 | Jiāpíluówèi | (place name) Skt. Kapilavastu; P. Kapilavatthu |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §18
因緣 | yīnyuán | causes and conditions; circumstances; story |
智 | zhì | wisdom |
歡喜 | huānxǐ | bliss, happiness |
愛樂 | aìlè | love and joy |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §19
右 | yòu | right |
脇 | xiè | side |
入 | rù | to enter |
地 | dì | earth |
震動 | zhèndòng | to shake |
放 | fàng | to emit, to put forth |
光明 | guāngmíng | light |
普 | pǔ | generally, universally, everywhere |
照 | zhào | to shine |
世界 | shìjiè | world |
日 | rì | sun |
月 | yuè | moon |
及 | jí | to reach |
皆 | jiē | all |
蒙 | méng | to receive |
幽冥 | yōumíng | darkness |
眾生 | zhòngshēng | all beings |
覩見 | dūjiàn | to see |
趣 | qù | realm, path of existence; to be in a realm |
復 | fù | again; moreover, further |
魔宮 | mógōng | the devil’s palace, Mara’s palace |
釋 | Shì | (usually 帝釋) Śakra / Indra |
梵 | Fàn | Brahma |
自然 | zìrán | of itself; naturally |
現 | xiàn | to appear, to make manifest |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §20
天子 | tiānzǐ | lit. children of heaven, heavenly beings, minor deities |
執 | zhí | to hold |
戈 | gé | halberd |
矛 | máo | spear |
侵嬈 | qīnrào | to harass, harm |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §21
安隱 | ānyǐn | serene, at peace |
惱患 | nǎohuàn | troubles, difficulties |
自 | zì | oneself |
觀 | guān | to see, to observe |
觀 | guān | to see, to observe |
身 | shēn | body |
根 | gēn | faculties; organs; limbs |
具足 | jùzú | complete, fully formed |
瑕 | xiá | faults, blemishes |
猶如 | yóurú | it is like |
目 | mù | eye; eyesight |
士 | shì | man (usually of high status) |
紫磨金 | zǐmójīn | polished rose gold |
穢 | huì | dirt, filth |
琉璃 | liúlí | beryl (often glossed as “lapis lazuli,” but lapis lazuli is usually opaque, and here the gem is translucent) |
內外 | nèiwài | inner and outer |
清徹 | qīngchè | clear; translucent |
障翳 | zhàngyì | clouded, visually impaired; obstruction |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §22
婬 | yín | lasciviousness; lust |
火 | huǒ | fire |
之所zhīsuǒ | (in | <subject + object + verb> phrase, marks the verb as passive; i.e. the subject is verbed by the object) |
燒然 | shāorán | to burn |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §23
奉持 | fèngchí | to uphold, to honor |
五 | wǔ | five |
戒 | jiè | precepts |
梵行 | fànxíng | Skt. brahmacarya, “pure practices”; religious conduct; often means celibacy |
篤信 | dǔxìn | devotion and faith |
仁愛 | rénài | benevolence and love |
成就 | chéngjiù | to accomplish |
畏 | wèi | fear |
壞 | huái | to go bad, to deteriorate, to fail |
命 | mìng | life |
終 | zhōng | to end |
忉利天 | Dāolìtiān | the Daoli Heaven, Skt. Trāyastriṃśa |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §24
當 | dāng | when, at that time |
其 | qí | his, her, its |
始 | shǐ | at first; to begin |
闇冥 | ànmíng | darkness |
蒙 | méng | to receive |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §25
手 | shǒu | hand |
攀 | pān | to climb; to grip |
枝 | zhī | branch |
臥 | wò | to recline, to lie down |
香 | xiāng | fragrant |
水 | shuǐ | water |
前 | qián | before, in front of |
立 | lì | to stand |
唯然 | wéirán | only, uniquely; it is so |
勿 | wù | (negation) |
懷 | huái | to harbor, to have |
憂慼 | yōuqī | worries and sadness |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §26
穢惡 | huìè | dirt, filth |
汙染 | wūrán | stained, polluted, sullied |
珠 | zhū | jewel, gem |
投 | tóu | to toss, to cast |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §27
墮 | duò | to fall |
行 | xíng | to walk |
步 | bù | paces, steps |
扶侍 | fúshì | to support |
舉 | jǔ | to raise |
遍 | piàn | pervasive; everywhere |
方 | fāng | direction |
手 | shǒu | hand |
要 | yào | to want, will |
度 | dù | to save, to deliver |
病 | bìng | sickness |
死 | sǐ | death |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §28
泉 | quán | fountain, spring |
湧 | yǒng | to bubble forth, to spring forth |
溫 | wēn | warm |
冷 | lěng | cold |
供 | gòng | to supply |
澡浴 | zǎoyù | to bathe |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §29
太子 | tàizi | prince |
槃頭 | Pántóu | (personal name) P. Bandhumā; Skt.?) |
道術 | dàoshù | masters of the (esoteric) arts, magicians, soothsayers |
令 | lìng | to order, to make, to command |
吉凶 | jíxiōng | good and bad fortune, fortune, fate |
命 | mìng | command |
即 | jí | to approach |
披 | pī | to remove, pull back |
衣 | yī | clothing |
具 | jù | complete |
相 | xiàng | marks, signs |
占 | zhàn | to prognosticate, evaluate, assess, divine |
趣 | qù | to go to; (we have also seen as destination”) |
必然 | bìrán | necessarily |
疑 | yí | doubt |
若 | ruò | if |
家 | jiā | home, household |
轉輪聖王 | zhuǎnlúnshèngwáng | Wheel-turning Sagely King, Skt. Cakravartin |
天下 | tiānxià | lit. “all under heaven”; here: continent |
王 | wàng | to be king of, to rule |
四兵 | sìbīng | fourfold army (four types of troops), Skt. caturaṅgabala |
偏枉 | piānwǎng | Bias, prejudice |
恩 | ēn | benevolence |
七寶 | qībǎo | seven gems, Skt. saptaratnāṇi (the seven “jewels” of a wheel-turning king). |
自 | zì | of itself; of themselves |
至 | zhì | to arrive |
勇健 | yǒngjiàn | brave and stout |
伏 | fú | to subdue |
外 | wài | external, outside; foreign |
敵 | dí | enemy |
兵杖 | bīngzhàng | weapons |
太平 | taìpíng | great peace |
十號 | shíhào | The ten epithets (the ten major terms for a Buddha: Tathāgatha, Bhagavat, etc.) |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §30
慇懃 | yīnqín | sincere |
再三 | zàisān | lit. two and three; repeatedly |
重 | chóng | again; repeatedly |
更 | gèng | further (we have seen this word before meaning “to experience”) |
斯 | sī | this; these |
足 | zú | feet |
安 | ān | peaceful; steady |
平 | píng | flat, even |
滿 | mǎn | full |
隱 | yǐn | stable, steady |
輻 | fú | spoke |
光 | guāng | light |
照 | zhào | to shine |
網縵 | wǎngmàn | webbed |
鵝 | é | goose |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §31
柔軟 | róuruǎn | soft |
指 | zhǐ | digits |
纖 | xiān | slender |
長 | cháng | long |
跟 | gēn | heels |
充滿 | chōngmǎn | full |
視 | shì | to see |
厭 | yàn | to tire of; to dislike |
鹿 | lù | deer |
膊腸 | bócháng | limbs |
傭直 | yōngzhí | straight |
鈎 | gōu | hook; hooked |
鎻 | suǒ | link; linked |
骨 | gǔ | bones |
節 | jié | joints |
鎻連 | suǒlián | linked; chain |
陰 | yīn | penis |
馬藏 | mǎcáng | lit. hidden like a horse’s, i.e. retractable |
垂 | chuí | to hang down |
過 | guò | to exceed |
膝 | xī | knees |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §32
孔 | kǒng | hole, pore |
毛 | máo | hair |
右 | yòu | right |
旋 | xuān | to turn, to spiral |
仰靡 | yǎngmí | to be upturned, facing up |
紺 | gàn | brownish black |
琉璃 | liúlí | beryl |
色 | sè | color |
黃金 | huángjīn | yellow gold |
皮膚 | pífu | skin |
細軟 | xìruǎn | soft |
塵 | chén | dust |
齊亭 | qítíng | even, equal |
圓好 | yuánhǎo | perfect |
胸 | xiōng | chest |
萬 | wàn | ten thousand; swastika |
字 | zì | [Chinese] character, symbol, word |
長 | cháng | length |
倍 | bèi | double |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §33
長 | cháng | length |
廣 | guǎng | width |
等 | děng | equal, the same |
尼拘盧 | níjūlú | (kind of tree) Skt. nyagrodha, “banyan tree” |
頰車 | jiáchē | jowls, jaws |
師子 | shīzi | lion |
胸膺 | xióngyīng | chest |
方整 | fāngzhěng | square and complete; well proportioned; broad |
口 | kǒu | mouth |
齒 | chǐ | teeth |
齊平 | qípíng | even |
密 | mì | dense |
間 | jiān | space |
鮮明 | xiānmíng | sparkling |
咽喉 | yānhóu | throat |
味 | wèi | flavor |
稱適 | chēngshì | to call satisfying, to be satisfied; to find agreeable |
舌 | shé | tongue |
耳 | ěr | ear |
舐 | shì | to lick |
左 | zuǒ | left |
梵音 | fànyīn | the voice of Brahma (Skt. brahmasvara) |
清徹 | qīngchè | clear |
眼 | yǎn | eyes |
紺青 | gànqīng | deep blue; deep green; pitch black |
牛 | niú | ox |
眴 | shùn | to squint; to blink |
眉 | méi | eyebrows |
毫 | háo | hair |
柔軟 | róuruǎn | soft |
細 | xì | fine |
澤 | zé | moist |
引 | yǐn | to pull |
尋 | xún | (a measure of length, about eight feet) |
放 | fàng | to release |
則 | zé | then |
旋螺 | xuānluó | to spiral, to coil |
真珠 | zhēnzhū | pearl |
頂 | dǐng | the top of the head |
肉 | ròu | meat, flesh |
髻 | jì | bun, topknot |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §34
虛空 | xūkōng | space, air |
風 | fēng | wind |
雨 | yǔ | rain |
塵 | chén | dust |
土 | tǔ | earth |
歡喜 | huānxǐ | happy, joyful |
養育 | yǎngyù | to raise, to nurture |
懈倦 | xièjuàn | tired |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §35
童子 | tóngzǐ | child |
舉 | jǔ | entire |
國 | guó | kingdom, country |
士 | shì | men of standing; men |
女 | nǔ | women |
視 | shì | to view, to see |
傅抱 | fùbào | to assist and protect, to coddle |
寶 | bǎo | precious, valuable |
華 | huá | flowers |
忉利天 | Dāolìtiān | the Daoli Heaven, Skt. Trāyastriṃśa |
和 | hé | harmonious |
雅 | yǎ | elegant |
迦羅頻伽 | jiāluópínjiā | Skt. kalaviṅka, a melodious bird (perhaps a cuckoo) |
鳥 | niǎo | bird |
聲 | shēng | voice; sound |
徹 | chè | thoroughly, completely |
由旬 | yóuxún | Skt. yojana (measure of distance) |
年 | nián | years; age |
漸 | jiàn | gradual |
長大 | zhǎngdà | to mature, grow up |
在天 | zàitiān | (he who is) in heaven; the ruler, the king, the emperor |
正堂 | zhèngtáng | main hall |
道 | dào | way, path; moral teachings |
開化 | kāihuà | to preach, to enlighten |
恩 | ēn | benevolence |
及 | jí | to reach |
庶民 | shūmín | common people |
名 | míng | famous |
德 | dé | virtue |
為童子時,舉國士女眾共傅抱。如觀寶華。
菩薩生時,其目不眴。如忉利天。以不眴故,名毘婆尸。
菩薩生時,其聲清徹。柔軟和雅。如迦羅頻伽鳥聲。
菩薩生時,眼能徹視,見一由旬。
菩薩生時,年漸長大。在天正堂,以道開化。恩及庶民,名德遠聞。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §36
遊觀 | yóuguāng | to travel; to tour, to go on an excursion |
告勅 | gàochì | to command |
御 | yù | to drive |
嚴駕 | yánjià | to adorn (a vehicle), to make ready, to harness |
寶 | bǎo | precious |
車 | chē | cart, chariot |
詣 | yì | to go to |
彼 | bǐ | that |
園林 | yuǎnlín | park |
巡行 | xúnxíng | to tour, to inspect |
便 | biàn | thereupon, then |
訖已 | qìyǐ | to finish, complete |
還 | huán | to return |
今 | jīn | today, now |
太子 | tàizi | prince |
乘 | chéng | to ride |
路 | lù | road |
見 | jiàn | to see |
頭 | tóu | head |
齒 | chǐ | teeth |
落 | luò | fall |
面 | miàn | face |
皺 | zhòu | wrinkles |
身 | shēn | body |
僂 | lǔ | bent over, stooped |
拄杖 | zhùzhàng | cane, staff |
羸 | léi | weak, sick |
步 | bù | steps |
喘息 | chuǎnxí | to pant |
行 | xíng | to walk |
顧 | gù | to look at |
問 | wèn | to ask |
答 | dá | to answer |
生壽 | shēngshòu | lifespan |
免 | miǎn | to avoid |
患 | huàn | sickness; disaster |
耶 | yé | (interrogative) |
然 | rán | it is so |
必 | bì | inevitable, necessarily |
豪 | háo | wealthy, prosperous |
賤 | jiàn | poor; miserable; low born |
於是 | yúshì | thereupon |
悵然 | chàngrán | disappointed, disillusioned |
悅 | yuè | to be happy |
迴 | huí | to return |
駕 | jià | to drive |
宮 | gōng | palace |
靜默 | jìngmò | quietly, silently |
思惟 | sīwéi | to think, to reflect |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §37
道 | dào | road |
逢 | féng | to meet |
默 | mò | to be silent |
昔 | xí | in the past |
占相 | zhànxiàng | to read someone’s signs, to tell one’s fortune |
得無 | déwú | is or is not, could it be? |
乎 | hū | (interrogative) |
設 | shè | establish, make, set out; take |
方便 | fāngbiàn | expedience, Skt. u pāya; measures |
使 | shǐ | to cause to |
深 | shēn | deep, profound |
五欲 | wǔyù | five desires (there are various sets) |
娛樂 | yúlè | entertainment |
嚴飾 | yánshì | ornament, adorn, decorate |
宮館 | gōngguǎn | palace buildings |
簡擇 | jiǎnzé | to select |
婇女 | cǎinǚ | beautiful women |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §38
復 | fù | moreover, furthermore |
命 | mìng | life; to order |
病 | bìng | sick |
腹 | fù | belly |
面目 | miànmù | countenance |
黧黑 | líhēi | dark yellow |
獨 | dú | alone |
臥 | wò | to lie down |
糞除 | fènchú | the removal of filth, to clean; what is taken away after cleaning, i.e. filth, rubbish (other editions of the text give the more usual fènhuì 糞穢). |
瞻視 | zhānshì | to gaze upon, to watch over |
苦毒 | kǔdú | painful; intense suffering, acute pain |
能 | néng | can, to be able to |
痛 | tòng | pain |
迫切 | pòqiè | to press upon |
存亡 | cúnwáng | to live and to die, survival |
期 | qī | date, appointment |
貴 | guì | noble, high born |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §39
更 | gèng | further, again |
增 | zēng | to increase |
伎樂 | jìyuè | performers and musicians |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §40
雜 | zá | diverse, varied |
色 | sè | color |
繒 | zēng | fabric, cloth |
幡 | fān | banner |
導引 | dǎoyǐn | lead, precede; here, accompanying |
宗族 | zōngzú | family, clan |
親里 | qīnlǐ | relatives and neighbors |
悲 | bēi | bad, sorrowful |
號 | hào | to shout,to wail |
哭泣 | kūqì | to cry, to weep |
送 | sòng | to send off |
盡 | jìn | termination, ending |
風 | fēng | wind; here, breath? |
先 | xiān | first |
火 | huǒ | fire; here, warmth? |
次 | cì | next |
諸 | zhū | all |
根 | gēn | organs; faculties |
壞敗 | huàibài | to destroy, to break, decay |
異 | yì | different |
室家 | shìjiā | home; husband and wife |
離別 | líbié | to depart; to separate |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §41
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §42
沙門 | shāmén | Skt. śramaṇa |
服 | fú | clothing; to wear |
持 | chí | to hold, to grip |
鉢 | bō | alms bowl |
地 | dì | ground |
捨離 | shělí | to abandon, to cast off |
恩愛 | ēn’ài | affection and love, attachments |
修 | xiū | to cultivate |
攝御 | shèyù | to drive, to ride; to control, to master |
染 | rǎn | to taint; be tainted by |
外 | wài | external |
慈 | cí | compassion |
一切 | yíqiè | all |
傷害 | shānghài | to hurt, to harm |
慼 | qī | sadness, sorrow |
遇 | yù | to meet |
欣 | xīn | to enjoy, to delight |
忍 | rěn | to tolerate |
永 | yǒng | forever, always |
絕 | jué | cut off |
塵累 | chénléi | lit. burden of dust, burdens of the world |
清虛 | qīngxū | pristine, pure |
微妙 | wéimiào | subtle, marvelous |
惟 | wéi | only |
快 | kuài | happy; pleasure |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §43
剃除 | tìchú | to cut off |
鬚髮 | xūfǎ | hair and beard |
志 | zhì | aspiration, will |
求 | qiú | to seek, to request |
調伏 | tiáofú | to tame |
心意 | xīnyì | intention |
離 | lí | to depart from |
塵垢 | chén’gòu | filth, dirt |
育 | yù | nurture |
群生 | qúnshēng | the masses of beings; all beings |
侵嬈 | qīnrào | disturbance, harassment |
虛心 | xūxīn | modest, humble |
靜寞 | jìngmò | silent |
務 | wù | duty; to take as a duty, to devote oneself |
尋 | xún | then, subsequently |
勑 | chì | to order |
賷 | jī | to carry; to take |
并 | bìng | together with |
及 | jí | and |
轝 | niǎn | cart, chariot |
轝 | niǎn | cart, chariot |
習 | xí | custom, habit |
自居 | zìjū | self reliant |
術 | shù | arts |
歸 | guī | to return |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §44
苦惱 | kǔnǎo | suffering, affliction |
戀 | liàn | to be enamored of, to crave |
情 | qíng | emotion |
滅 | miè | to extinguish, destroy |
廓然 | kuòrán | expansive |
悟 | wù | to be enlightened; enlightenment, insight |
下 | xià | to go down, descend |
步 | bù | step; to take a step |
中間 | zhōngjiān | in the midst of |
轉 | zhǔan | to turn, revolve, in turns; gradually |
遠 | yǔan | distant; to distance oneself |
縛著 | fūzhuó | to bind, to tie; attachments |
咸 | xián | all |
捨 | shě | to abandon |
榮 | róng | honor, glory |
位 | wèi | position |
捐棄 | sǔnqì | to cast off |
重 | zhòng | to value |
往就 | wǎngjiù | to go towards |
求 | qíu | to beg, to ask |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §45
納受 | nàshòu | to receive, to accept, to take in |
與 | yǔ | together with |
之 | zhī | (marker of possession); him; her; to go |
在在 | zàizài | everywhere |
教化 | jiàohuà | to teach and transform, to proselytize |
村 | cūn | village |
恭敬 | gōngjìng | to respect, venerate |
四事 | sìshì | “the four things” (i.e. the four basic necessities: clothing, food, bedding, medicine). |
供養 | gòngyǎng | to provide |
憒閙 | kuìnào | hubbub, noise |
群眾 | qúnzhòng | masses, throng |
尋 | xún | then, subsequently |
獲 | huò | to obtain, to get |
志願 | zhìyuàn | goal, ambition |
專精 | zhūanjīng | concentrated, with intensity |
修 | xiū | to cultivate |
作 | zuò | to do, to make |
愍 | mǐn | to pity |
闇冥 | ànmíng | darkness |
危脆 | wēicuì | fragile, weak |
緣 | yuán | on this basis, according to these conditions, following |
此 | cǐ | this; here |
彼 | bǐ | that; there |
陰 | yīn | dark (the “yin” of “yinyang”); group, mass |
流轉 | liúzhǔan | to circulate, flow |
窮 | qióng | to exhaust, to end |
曉 | xiǎo | to understand |
了 | liǎo | completely; to complete |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §46
有 | yǒu | to exist; being (the conventional translation in this context is “becoming,” but this is based on Sanskrit and Pali and isn’t easily derived for the word 有). |
觀察 | guānchá | to observe |
由 | yóu | to come from; source |
起 | qǐ | to arise |
取 | qǔ | grasping, taking |
愛 | ài | love, affection, craving |
受 | shòu | receive; here: to sense, feel |
觸 | chù | contact |
六入 | liùrù | lit. “the six entrances”; the six sense organs (organs for sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and thought) |
名色 | míngsè | name and form |
識 | shì | consciousness |
行 | xíng | to act; conduct (the conventional translation in this context is “dispositions” ) |
癡 | chí | ignorance; madness |
憂 | yōu | worry, grief |
悲 | bēi | sadness, sorrow |
苦 | kǔ | pain |
惱 | nǎo | frustration |
盛 | shèng | full, abundant; to flourish |
智 | zhì | wisdom; knowledge |
眼 | yǎn | eyes; sight, vision |
覺 | jué | feeling, perception; awakening |
明 | míng | light, clarity |
通 | tōng | understanding |
慧 | huì | wisdom |
證 | zhèng | verification; realization |
復作是念:「生死何從?何緣而有?」即以智慧觀察所由。「從生有老死,生是老死緣。生從有起,有是生緣。有從取起,取是有緣。取從愛起,愛是取緣。愛從受起,受是愛緣。受從觸起,觸是受緣。觸從六入起,六入是觸緣。六入從名色起,名色是六入緣。名色從識起,識是名色緣。識從行起,行是識緣。行從癡起,癡是行緣。
是為,緣癡有行。緣行有識。緣識有名色。緣名色有六入。緣六入有觸。緣觸有受。緣受有愛。緣愛有取。緣取有有。緣有有生。緣生有老、病、死、憂、悲、苦、惱。此苦盛陰,緣生而有。是為苦集」。菩薩思惟苦集陰時,生智、生眼、生覺、生明、生通、生慧、生證。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §47
逆順 | nìshùn | backwards and forwards; upstream and downstream |
實 | shí | truthfully |
座 | zuò | seat |
阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 | ānòuduōluó | sānmiǎo sānpútí Skt. anuttarasamyaksambodhi, complete and perfect enlightenment |
於時,菩薩復自思惟:「何等無,故老死無?何等滅,故老死滅」。即以智慧觀察所由:「生無故老死無,生滅故老死滅。有無故生無,有滅故生滅。取無故有無,取滅故有滅。愛無故取無,愛滅故取滅。受無故愛無,受滅故愛滅。觸無故受無,觸滅故受滅。六入無故觸無,六入滅故觸滅。名色無故六入無,名色滅故六入滅。識無故名色無,識滅故名色滅。行無故識無,行滅故識滅。癡無故行無,癡滅故行滅。
是為,癡滅故行滅。行滅故識滅。識滅故名色滅。名色滅故六入滅。六入滅故觸滅。觸滅故受滅。受滅故愛滅。愛滅故取滅。取滅故有滅。有滅故生滅。生滅故老、死、憂、悲、苦、惱滅」。
菩薩思惟苦陰滅時,生智、生眼、生覺、生明、生通、生慧、生證。爾時,菩薩逆順觀十二因緣。如實知,如實見已。即於座上成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §48
修 | xiū | to cultivate |
觀 | guān | contemplation |
安隱 | ānyǐn | peace, tranquility |
出離 | chūlí | separation; to depart; to distance oneself from |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §49
深 | shēn | profound |
微妙 | wéimiào | subtle |
難 | nán | difficult |
解 | jiě | to understand |
息滅 | xímiè | to extinguish; to be extinguished; extinction |
凡愚 | fányú | mundane, ordinary |
及 | jí | to reach |
斯 | sī | this |
異 | yì | different |
忍 | rěn | to endure, to tolerate |
依 | yī | according to |
樂 | lè | to delight in, to like |
求 | qiú | to seek; to request |
務 | wù | duty; to take as a duty, to devote oneself to |
習 | xí | custom, habit |
甚 | shèn | very, extreme |
了 | liǎo | completely, entirely |
然 | rán | yet |
倍 | pèi | double, twice as much |
更 | gèng | moreover |
觸擾 | chùrǎo | disturbed, anxious |
默然 | mòrán | silently; to be silent |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §50
梵 | Fàn | Brahma |
世間 | shìjiān | world |
便 | biàn | thereupon, then |
敗壞 | bàihuài | corrupt, in decay |
甚 | shèn | very, most, extreme |
而 | ér | but, yet |
哀愍 | āimǐn | sorrowful compassion |
妙 | miào | marvelous |
譬如 | pìrú | it is like |
力士 | lìshì | strongman |
屈伸 | qūshēn | to bend and extend, to flex |
臂 | bì | arm |
頃 | qǐng | instant, moment |
宮 | gōng | palace |
忽然 | hūrán | suddenly |
立 | lì | to stand |
頭 | tóu | head |
面 | miàn | face |
禮 | lǐ | ritual; to pay obeisance |
足 | zú | feet |
却 | què | to retreat; but |
住 | zhù | to stop; to abide |
一面 | yímiàn | one side |
膝 | xī | knee |
著 | zhuó | to touch |
地 | dì | ground |
叉 | chā | to cross; to interlink |
合掌 | hézhǎng | to press the palms together |
塵垢 | chéngòu | dust, filth |
微薄 | wéibó | slight, thin, meager |
根 | gēn | roots, faculties |
猛利 | ménglì | fiercely sharp, very sharp |
恭敬 | gōngjìng | to respect |
易 | yì | easy |
開化 | kāihuà | enlighten and transform; to teach |
畏怖 | wèibù | to fear |
救 | jiù | to save; to expiate |
罪 | zuì | crime; sin, fault |
Note: Above, 更生觸擾 could be taken to refer to either the Buddha, or those who hear his instruction. That is, is the Buddha saying that teaching those incapable of understanding him would be troublesome to them or to him?
A similar phrase in the next passage (若為婬、怒、癡眾生說者,必不承用。徒自勞疲。) is equally ambiguous. In the corresponding passages in the Pali it is clear that it is the Buddha who would would find this sort of fruitless teaching troublesome.
The phrase 畏怖後世無救之罪 could be taken in at least three different ways: Does Brahma fear that people will commit these horrible sins? Or does he fear that the Buddha will commit the sin of not saving them? Or is he saying that the people fear committing these sins? In this case, a passage below (in §52) suggests that the third interpretation is correct. That is, it is the people who fear committing unredeemable sins. The passage in question below is: 即以佛眼觀 視世界眾生,垢有厚薄,根有利鈍,教有難易。易受教,畏後世罪。能滅惡法,出 生善道。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §51
汝 | rǔ | you |
但 | dàn | however, but |
正 | zhèng | correct |
阿僧祇 | āsēngqǐ | Skt. asaṃkhya (infinity, infinite) |
勤苦 | qínkǔ | diligent, hard-working |
懈 | xiè | to rest, to be slack |
始 | shǐ | begin; only now, just |
獲 | huò | to obtain |
婬 | yín | lasciviousness |
怒 | nù | anger |
癡 | chí | foolishness, stupidity |
承 | chéng | to bear |
用 | yòng | to use |
徒 | tú | vainly |
勞疲 | láopí | to tire |
相反 | xiāngfǎn | oppose, be in conflict with; opposite of |
染 | rǎn | to be polluted by |
愚冥 | yúmíng | ignorance and darkness |
覆 | fù | covered, blanketed |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §52
復重 | fùchóng | repeatedly |
勸請 | quànqǐng | to supplicate, to request |
慇懃 | yīnqín | sincerely, devoutly, diligently |
懇惻 | kěncè | sincerely, devoutly, diligently |
再三 | zàisān | repeatedly |
世間 | shìjiān | the world (Skt. loka) |
便 | biàn | thereupon, then |
壞敗 | huàibài | to destroy, to ruin |
願 | yuàn | to hope, to wish for |
敷演 | fūyǎn | to sermonize; to expostulate |
墜落 | zhùiluò | to fall, to descend |
餘趣 | yúqù | lit. the “remaining realms”, that is, the realms of rebirth other than the human realm. |
佛眼 | fóyǎn | Buddha eye, the sight of a Buddha |
垢 | gòu | dirt, pollution, defilement |
厚薄 | hòubáo | thick and thin; mild and extreme |
利鈍 | lìdùn | sharp and dull |
難易 | nányì | difficult and easy |
畏 | wèi | to fear |
罪 | zuì | fault, sin, bad ways |
道 | dào | path (of existence) |
花 | huā | Flower (also written 華) |
優鉢羅 | yōubóluó | Skt. utpala, blue lotus |
鉢頭摩 | bōtóumó | Skt. padma, a kind of lotus |
鳩勿頭 | jiūwùtóu | Skt. kumuda, white lotus |
分陀利 | fēntuōlì | Skt. puṇḍarīka, kind of lotus |
或 | huò | may, perhaps; some |
汙泥 | wūní | mud, dirt |
皆 | jiē | all |
敷開 | fūkāi | to unfold; to blossom |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §53
愍 | mǐn | to love |
開演 | kāiyǎn | to expound |
甘露 | gānlù | sweet dew |
受 | shòu | to receive |
益 | yì | benefit |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §54
請 | qǐng | invitation |
歡喜 | huānxǐ | bliss, joy |
踊躍 | yǒngyùe | overjoyed |
遶 | rào | to circle; to circumambulate |
匝 | zā | a circle, a round |
現 | xiàn | to appear, to manifest |
先 | xiān | first |
誰 | shéi | who |
槃頭 | Pántóu | (place name) P. Bandhumā; Skt.? |
內 | nèi | in, inside |
提舍 | Tíshě | (personal name) P. Tissa; Skt. Tiṣya |
臣子 | chénzǐ | official, minister |
騫茶 | Jiǎnchá | (personal name) Skt. Skanda; P. Khaṇḍa |
力士 | lìshì | strongman |
屈伸 | qūshēn | to bend and extend, to flex |
臂 | bì | arm |
頃 | qǐng | instant, moment |
鹿野苑 | Lùyěyuàn | Deer Park (Skt. Saraṅganātha) |
道樹 | dàoshù | lit. “tree of the Way”; the bodhi tree |
敷 | fū | to put out, to set forth |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §55
宜 | yí | it is appropriate, fitting |
守 | shǒu | to protect, to guard; keeper |
寧 | níng | (“modal” indicating wish) do you? would you like? |
苑 | yuàn | garden |
行 | xíng | to carry out |
所 | suǒ | location, place |
語 | yǔ | to speak (yù); words, language |
卿 | qīng | you |
宣 | xuān | to announce, to proclaim |
漸 | jiàn | gradual; incrementally |
示 | shì | to demonstrate, show, teach |
利喜 | lìxǐ | profit and joy |
施 | shī | to give, to donate |
論 | lùn | discourse, theory |
淨 | jìng | clean, pure |
漏 | lòu | lit. “outflow” (Skt. āsrava); affliction. |
患 | huàn | troubled, afflicted |
讚歎 | zàntàn | to praise |
第一 | dìyī | first, foremost |
柔輭 | róuruǎn | soft, receptive, supple |
堪 | kān | to sustain, be capable of |
聖諦 | shèngdì | holy truth, noble truth |
敷演 | fūyǎn | to expound |
開解 | kāijiě | to explain |
分布 | fēnbù | to announce, proclaim |
宣釋 | xuānshì | to explicate |
要 | yào | essential |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §56
法眼淨 | fǎyǎnjìng | lit. “the purity of the eye of the Law” (Skt. dharmacakṣuviśuddha); the ability to perceive accurately. |
素 | sù | plain, unadorned |
質 | zhí | substance, material |
染 | rǎn | dye |
地 | dì | earth |
神 | shén | spirit |
唱 | chàng | to sing out |
轉 | zhǔan | to turn |
輪 | lún | wheel |
展轉 | zhǎnzhǔan | continuously, one after the other |
聲 | shēng | voice; sound |
徹 | chè | to penetrate; to reach |
他化自在天 | Tāhuàzìzàitiān | lit. “Heaven of Those Who have Mastery Over the Creation of Others” (Skt. Paranirmitavaśavartin) |
須臾 | xūyú | in an instant, in a moment |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §57
果 | guǒ | the fruit, the results, the benefits |
真實 | zhēnshí | true |
欺 | qī | to deceive |
成就 | chéngjiù | to accomplish, to achieve |
畏 | wèi | fear |
自在 | zìzài | mastery; freedom; unimpeded |
苦際 | kǔjì | lit. “the border of suffering”; the last life in which one will suffer |
具戒 | jùjiè | the complete precepts |
事 | shì | things |
示現 | shìxiàn | to show, to demonstrate; demonstration |
神足 | shénzú | Lit. either “divine feet” or “the basis of divine [power]”; in China often understood to mean the ability to move great distances in an instant; here, the term refers to supernormal powers more generally (Skt. ṛddhi-pāda) |
觀他心 | guāntāxīn | lit. “to see another’s heart”; to read minds |
教誡 | jiàojiè | instruction; the ability to instruct |
無漏心 | wúlòuxīn | lit. “mind of no outflows”; untainted mind (Skt. anāsrava-citta). |
解脫 | jiětuō | liberation, release |
疑 | yí | doubt |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §58
人民 | rénmín | people |
法 | fǎ | Dharma |
服 | fú | clothing; to wear |
持 | chí | to hold, to grip |
鉢 | bō | alms bowl |
捨 | shě | to abandon |
世 | shì | world, worldly |
榮 | róng | honor, glory |
位 | wèi | position |
使 | shǐ | to cause |
捐棄 | juānqì | to cast off |
重 | zhòng | to value |
往詣 | wǎngyì | to go towards |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §59
(You should know all of the vocabulary in this passage!)
時,八萬四千人即於座上,遠塵離垢,得法眼淨。猶如素質易為受色。見法得果。真實無欺。成就無畏。即白佛言:「我等欲於如來法中,淨修梵行」。佛言:「善來,比丘。吾法清淨自在。修行以盡苦際」。時,八萬四千人即得具戒。具戒未久,世尊以三事教化:一曰神足、二曰觀他心、三曰教誡。即得無漏心解脫、生死無疑智現前。
八萬四千人聞佛於鹿野苑中,轉無上法輪。沙門、婆羅門、諸天、魔、梵及餘世人所不能轉。即詣槃頭城毘婆尸佛所。頭面禮足。却坐一面。時,佛為說法亦復如是。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §60
上昇 | shàngshēng | to ascend |
虛空 | xūkōng | space |
火 | huǒ | fire |
神變 | shénbiàn | divine transformations; miracles |
遣 | qiǎn | to dispatch, to send off |
遊行 | yóuxíng | to travel, to wander |
俱 | jù | together |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §61
首陀會天 | Shǒutuōtiān | Skt. Śuddhāvāsa, “Pure Abodes” |
沒 | mò | to disappear |
分布 | fēnbù | to distribute |
擁護 | yōnghù | to protect |
伺 | sì | to wait |
便 | biàn | convenient |
可 | kě | to approve, assent |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §62
許可 | xǔkě | to approve of, to permit |
執持 | zhíchí | to hold, to keep |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §63
訖…已 | qì | … yǐ to finish, complete |
攝持 | shèchí | to have, to hold |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §64
結加 | jiéjiā | to cross, to form |
趺坐 | fūzuò | to sit cross-legged, in the lotus posture |
經 | jīng | scripture, sūtra |
忍辱 | rěnrǔ | tolerance (Skt. kṣānti) |
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §65
羅閱城 | Luóyuèchéng | (place name) Skt.Rājagraha |
耆闍崛山 | Qíshèjuéshān | (name of mountain) Skt. Gṛdhrakūṭa, “Vulture Peak” |
遍 | biàn | to reach |
除 | chú | besides |
設 | shè | if |
無造天 | Wúzàotiān | “Not Created Heaven “ (Skt. Avṛha, one of the five Śuddhāvāsas, “Pure Abodes”) |
壯士 | zhuàngshì | mighty man, powerful man |
本末 | běnmò | beginning and end, details |
釋迦摩尼 | Shìjiāmóní | Śākyamuni |
阿迦尼吒 | jīanízhà | Skt. Akaniṣṭha, “of whom none is the youngest” (one of the five Śuddhāvāsas, “Pure Abodes”) |
爾時,世尊告諸比丘:「我自思念,昔一時於羅閱城耆闍崛山,時生是念『我所生處,無所不遍。唯除首陀會天。設生彼天。則不還此』。我時,比丘,復生是念『我欲至無造天上』。時,我如壯士屈伸臂頃,於此間沒,現於彼天。時,彼諸天見我至彼。頭面作禮。於一面立。而白我言『我等皆是毘婆尸如來弟子。從彼佛化,故來生此』。具說彼佛因緣本末。又尸棄佛、毘沙婆佛、拘樓孫佛、拘那含佛、迦葉佛、釋迦牟尼佛,皆是我師。我從受化,故來生此』。亦說諸佛因緣本末。至生阿迦尼吒諸天,亦復如是。」
Congratulations! You have now read an entire sutra (minus the verses). For review, read the sutra again (given in full below), as much as possible without recourse to the vocabulary lists.
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §1
一時,佛在舍衛國祇樹花林窟,與大比丘眾千二百五十人俱。時,諸比丘於乞食後,集花林堂。各共議言:「諸賢比丘,唯無上尊為最奇特、神通遠達、威力弘大,乃知過去無數諸佛入於涅槃、斷諸結使、消滅戱論。又知彼佛劫數多少、名號、姓字、所生種族、其所飲食、壽命脩短、所更苦樂。又知彼佛有如是戒、有如是法、有如是慧、有如是解、有如是住。云何?諸賢,如來為善別法性知如是事,為諸天來語,乃知此事。」
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §2
爾時,世尊在閑靜處。天耳清淨。聞諸比丘作如是議。即從座起。詣花林堂,就座而坐。爾時,世尊知而故問,謂諸比丘:「汝等集此,何所語議?」時,諸比丘具以事答。爾時,世尊告諸比丘:「善哉。善哉。汝等以平等信,出家修道。諸所應行,凡有二業:一曰賢聖講法、二曰賢聖默然。汝等所論,正應如是。如來神通,威力弘大。盡知過去無數劫事,以能善解法性故知,亦以諸天來語故知」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §3
…. ... 又告諸比丘:「汝等欲聞如來識宿命智、知於過去諸佛因緣不?我當說之」。時,諸比丘白言「世尊,今正是時。願樂欲聞。善哉,世尊。以時講說,當奉行之」。
佛告諸比丘:「諦聽,諦聽。善思念之。吾當為汝分別解說」。時,諸比丘受教而聽。佛告諸比丘:「過去九十一劫,時世有佛名毘婆尸,如來至真。出現于世。復次,比丘,過去三十一劫,有佛名尸棄,如來至真。出現於世。復次,比丘,即彼三十一劫中,有佛名毘舍婆,如來至真。出現於世。復次,比丘,此賢劫中有佛名拘樓孫。又名拘那含。又名迦葉。我今亦於賢劫中成最正覺」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §4
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §5
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §6
毘婆尸佛坐波波羅樹下成最正覺。尸棄佛坐分陀利樹下成最正覺。毘舍婆佛坐娑羅樹下成最正覺。拘樓孫佛坐尸利沙樹下成最正覺。拘那含佛坐烏暫婆羅門樹下成最正覺。迦葉佛坐尼拘律樹下成最正覺。我今如來至真,坐鉢多樹下成最正覺。... …
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §7
毘婆尸如來三會說法。初會,弟子有十六萬八千人。二會,弟子有十萬人。三會,弟子有八萬人。尸棄如來亦三會說法。初會、弟子有十萬人。二會、弟子有八萬人。三會、弟子有七萬人。毘舍婆如來二會說法。初會、弟子有七萬人。次會、弟子有六萬人。拘樓孫如來一會說法。弟子四萬人。拘那含如來一會說法。弟子三萬人。迦葉如來一會說法。弟子二萬人。我今一會說法。弟子千二百五十人。……
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §8
時,毘婆尸佛有二弟子:一名騫茶、二名提舍。諸弟子中最為第一。尸棄佛有二弟子:一名阿毘浮、二名三婆婆。諸弟子中最為第一。毘舍婆佛有二弟子:一名扶遊、二名鬱多摩。諸弟子中最為第一。拘樓孫佛有二弟子:一名薩尼、二名毘樓。諸弟子中最為第一。拘那含佛有二弟子:一名舒槃那、二名鬱多樓。諸弟子中最為第一。迦葉佛有二弟子:一名提舍、二名婆羅婆。諸弟子中最為第一。今我二弟子。一名舍利弗、二名目揵連。諸弟子中最為第一。……
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §9
毘婆尸佛有執事弟子 ,名曰無憂。尸棄佛執事弟子,名曰忍行。毘舍婆佛有執事弟子,名曰寂滅。拘樓孫佛有執事弟子,名曰善覺。拘那含佛有執事弟子,名曰安和。迦葉佛有執事弟子,名曰善友。我執事弟子名曰阿難。... ...
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §10
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §11
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §12
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §13
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §14
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §15
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §16
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §17
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §18
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §19
佛告諸比丘:「諦聽。諦聽。善思念之。吾當為汝分別解說。比丘,當知諸佛常法。毘婆尸菩薩從兜率天降神母胎。從右脇入。正念不亂。當於爾時。地為震動。放大光明。普照世界。日月所不及處,皆蒙大明。幽冥眾生,各相覩見。知其所趣。時,此光明復照魔宮。諸天、釋、梵、沙門、婆羅門及餘眾生普蒙大明。諸天光明自然不現」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §20
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §21
又告比丘:「諸佛常法。毘婆尸菩薩從兜率天降神母胎,專念不亂。母身安隱,無眾惱患。智慧增益。母自觀胎。見菩薩身,諸根具足。如紫磨金,無有瑕穢。猶如有目之士觀淨琉璃。內外清徹,無眾障翳。諸比丘,此是諸佛常法」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §22
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §23
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §24
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §25
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §26
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §27
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §28
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §29
太子初生,父王槃頭召集相師及諸道術。令觀太子,知其吉凶。時,諸相師受命而觀。即前披衣,見有具相。占曰:『有此相者,當趣二處,必然無疑。若在家者,當為轉輪聖王,王四天下,四兵具足,以正法治,無有偏枉,恩及天下,七寶自至,千子勇健,能伏外敵,兵杖不用,天下太平。若出家學道,當成正覺,十號具足』。時,諸相師即白王言:『王所生子有三十二相。當趣二處,必然無疑。在家當為轉輪聖王。若其出家,當成正覺,十號具足』」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §30
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §31
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §32
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §33
十九,身長廣等。如尼拘盧樹。二十,頰車如師子。二十一,胸膺方整如師子。二十二,口四十齒。二十三,方整齊平。二十四,齒密無間。二十五,齒白鮮明。二十六,咽喉清淨。所食眾味,無不稱適。二十七,廣長舌,左右舐耳。二十八,梵音清徹。二十九,眼紺青色。三十,眼如牛王,眼上下俱眴。三十一,眉間白毫柔軟細澤。引長一尋。放則右旋螺如真珠。三十二,頂有肉髻。是為三十二相。」
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §34
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §35
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §36
於時,菩薩欲出遊觀。告勅御者嚴駕寶車、詣彼園林、巡行遊觀。御者即便嚴駕訖已,還。白:「今正是時」。太子即乘寶車詣彼園觀。於其中路見一老人。頭白齒落。面皺身僂。拄杖羸步。喘息而行。太子顧問侍者:「此為何人?」答曰:「此是老人」。又問:「何如為老?」答曰「夫老者,生壽向盡。餘命無幾。故謂之老」。太子又問:「吾亦當爾。不免此患耶?」答曰:「然。生必有老。無有豪賤」。於是,太子悵然不悅。即告侍者迴駕還宮。靜默思惟,念此老苦:「吾亦當有」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §37
爾時,父王問彼侍者:「太子出遊,歡樂不耶?」答曰:「不樂」。又問其故。答曰:「道逢老人。是以不樂」。爾時,父王默自思念:「昔日相師占相太子,言當出家。今者不悅,得無爾乎?當設方便,使處深宮。五欲娛樂,以悅其心,令不出家」。即便,嚴飾宮館。簡擇婇女,以娛樂之。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §38
又於後時。太子復命御者嚴駕出遊。於其中路逢一病人。身羸腹大。面目黧黑。獨臥糞除。無人瞻視。病甚苦毒。口不能言。顧問御者:「此為何人?」答曰:「此是病人」。問曰:「何如為病?」答曰:「病者,眾痛迫切。存亡無期。故曰病也」。又曰:「吾亦當爾,未免此患耶?」答曰:「然,生則有病。無有貴賤」。於是,太子悵然不悅。即告御者迴車還宮。靜默思惟,念此病苦:「吾亦當爾」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §39
爾時,父王復問御者:「太子出遊,歡樂不耶?」答曰:「不樂」。又問其故。答曰:「道逢病人。是以不樂」。於是父王默然思惟:「昔日相師占相太子,言當出家。今日不悅。得無爾乎?吾當更設方便,增諸伎樂,以悅其心,使不出家」。即復嚴飾宮館。簡擇婇女以娛樂之。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §40
又於異時,太子復勅御者嚴駕出遊。於其中路逢一死人。雜色繒幡前後導引。宗族親里悲號哭泣。送之出城。太子復問:「此為何人?」答曰:「此是死人」。問曰:「何如為死?」答曰:「死者,盡也。風先火次。諸根壞敗。存亡異趣。室家離別。故謂之死」。太子又問御者:「吾亦當爾。不免此患耶?」答曰:「然。生必有死。無有貴賤」。於是,太子悵然不悅。即告御者迴車還宮。靜默思惟。念此死苦:「吾亦當然」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §41
爾時,父王復問御者:「太子出遊,歡樂不耶?」答曰:「不樂」。又問其故。答曰:「道逢死人。是故不樂」。於是父王默自思念:「昔日相師占相太子。言當出家。今日不悅。得無爾乎?吾當更設方便。增諸伎樂以悅其心。使不出家」。即復嚴飾宮館。簡擇婇女以娛樂之。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §42
又於異時,復勑御者嚴駕出遊。於其中路逢一沙門。法服持鉢。視地而行。即問御者:「此為何人?」御者答曰:「此是沙門」。又問:「何謂沙門?」答曰:「沙門者,捨離恩愛,出家修道。攝御諸根,不染外欲。慈心一切,無所傷害。逢苦不慼,遇樂不欣。能忍如地。故號沙門」。太子曰:「善哉。此道真正,永絕塵累。微妙清虛。惟是為快」。即勑御者,迴車就之。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §43
爾時,太子問沙門曰:「剃除鬚髮。法服持鉢。何所志求」。沙門答曰:「夫出家者,欲調伏心意、永離塵垢、慈育群生、無所侵嬈、虛心靜寞、唯道是務」。太子曰:「善哉。此道最真」。尋勑御者:「賷吾寶衣并及乘轝,還白大王,我即於此剃除鬚髮、服三法衣、出家修道。所以然者,欲調伏心意,捨離塵垢。清淨自居,以求道術」。於是,御者即以太子所乘寶車及與衣服還歸父王。太子於後即剃除鬚髮,服三法衣,出家修道。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §44
佛告比丘:「太子見老、病人,知世苦惱。又見死人,戀世情滅。及見沙門,廓然大悟。下寶車時,步步中間,轉遠縛著。是真出家。是真遠離。時,彼國人聞太子剃除鬚髮。法服持鉢。出家修道。咸相謂言『此道必真。乃令太子捨國榮位。捐棄所重』。于時,國中八萬四千人往就太子。求為弟子。出家修道。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §45
于時,太子即便納受。與之遊行。在在教化。從村至村。從國至國。所至之處,無不恭敬,四事供養。菩薩念言:「吾與大眾,遊行諸國。人間憒閙,此非我宜。何時當得離此群眾?閑靜之處,以求道真」。尋獲志願。於閑靜處,專精修道。復作是念:「眾生可愍。常處闇冥。受身危脆。有生、有老、有病、有死。眾苦所集,死此生彼。從彼生此。緣此苦陰,流轉無窮。我當何時曉了苦陰,滅生、老、死?」
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §46
復作是念:「生死何從?何緣而有?」即以智慧觀察所由。「從生有老死,生是老死緣。生從有起,有是生緣。有從取起,取是有緣。取從愛起,愛是取緣。愛從受起,受是愛緣。受從觸起,觸是受緣。觸從六入起,六入是觸緣。六入從名色起,名色是六入緣。名色從識起,識是名色緣。識從行起,行是識緣。行從癡起,癡是行緣。是為,緣癡有行。緣行有識。緣識有名色。緣名色有六入。緣六入有觸。緣觸有受。緣受有愛。緣愛有取。緣取有有。緣有有生。緣生有老、病、死、憂、悲、苦、惱。此苦盛陰,緣生而有。是為苦集」。菩薩思惟苦集陰時,生智、生眼、生覺、生明、生通、生慧、生證。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §47
於時,菩薩復自思惟:「何等無,故老死無?何等滅,故老死滅」。即以智慧觀察所由:「生無故老死無,生滅故老死滅。有無故生無,有滅故生滅。取無故有無,取滅故有滅。愛無故取無,愛滅故取滅。受無故愛無,受滅故愛滅。觸無故受無,觸滅故受滅。六入無故觸無,六入滅故觸滅。名色無故六入無,名色滅故六入滅。識無故名色無,識滅故名色滅。行無故識無,行滅故識滅。癡無故行無,癡滅故行滅。是為,癡滅故行滅。行滅故識滅。識滅故名色滅。名色滅故六入滅。六入滅故觸滅。觸滅故受滅。受滅故愛滅。愛滅故取滅。取滅故有滅。有滅故生滅。生滅故老、死、憂、悲、苦、惱滅」。菩薩思惟苦陰滅時,生智、生眼、生覺、生明、生通、生慧、生證。爾時,菩薩逆順觀十二因緣。如實知,如實見已。即於座上成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §48
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §49
毘婆尸佛於閑靜處復作是念:「我今已得此無上法。甚深微妙,難解難見。息滅、清淨,智者所知。非是凡愚所能及也。斯由眾生異忍、異見、異受、異學。依彼異見,各樂所求,各務所習。是故於此甚深因緣,不能解了。然愛盡涅槃,倍復難知。我若為說,彼必不解。更生觸擾。」作是念已,即便默然不復說法。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §50
時,梵天王知毘婆尸如來所念。即自思惟:「念此世間便為敗壞,甚可哀愍‧毘婆尸佛乃得知此深妙之法,而不欲說」。譬如力士屈伸臂頃,從梵天宮忽然來下。立於佛前。頭面禮足。却住一面。時,梵天王右膝著地。叉手合掌白佛言:「唯願世尊以時說法。今此眾生塵垢微薄、諸根猛利、有恭敬心、易可開化。畏怖後世無救之罪。能滅惡法、出生善道」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §51
佛告梵王:「如是。如是。如汝所言。但我於閑靜處,默自思念『所得正法,甚深微妙。若為彼說,彼必不解,更生觸擾』。故我默然不欲說法。我從無數阿僧祇劫,勤苦不懈,修無上行。今始獲此難得之法。若為婬、怒、癡眾生說者,必不承用。徒自勞疲。此法微妙。與世相反。眾生染欲。愚冥所覆,不能信解。梵王,我觀如此。是以默然不欲說法」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §52
時,梵天王復重勸請。慇懃懇惻。至于再三:「世尊,若不說法,今此世間便為壞敗。甚可哀愍。唯願世尊以時敷演。勿使眾生墜落餘趣」。爾時,世尊三聞梵王慇懃勸請,即以佛眼觀視世界眾生,垢有厚薄,根有利鈍,教有難易。易受教者畏後世罪。能滅惡法,出生善道。譬如優鉢羅花、鉢頭摩華、鳩勿頭華、分陀利華。或有始出汙泥,未至水者。或有已出,與水平者。或有出水,未敷開者。然皆不為水所染著,易可開敷。世界眾生,亦復如是。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §53
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §54
爾時,梵王知佛受請,歡喜踊躍,遶佛三匝。頭面禮足。忽然不現。其去未久。是時,如來靜默自思:「我今先當為誰說法?」即自念言:「當入槃頭城內。先為王子提舍、大臣子騫茶開甘露法門」。於是,世尊如力士屈伸臂頃,於道樹忽然不現,至槃頭城槃頭王,鹿野苑中,敷座而坐。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §55
毘婆尸佛告守苑人曰:「汝可入城。語王子提舍、大臣子騫茶『寧欲知不?毘婆尸佛今在鹿野苑中。欲見卿等。宜知是時』」。時,彼守苑人受教而行。至彼二人所,具宣佛教。二人聞已,即至佛所,頭面禮足,却坐一面。佛漸為說法。示教利喜。施論、戒論、生天之論。欲惡不淨、上漏為患。讚歎出離為最微妙清淨第一。爾時,世尊見此二人,心意柔輭。歡喜信樂。堪受正法。於是即為說苦聖諦。敷演開解。分布宣釋苦集聖諦、苦滅聖諦、苦出要諦。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §56
爾時,王子提舍、大臣子騫茶。即於座上,遠離塵垢,得法眼淨。猶若素質易為受染。是時,地神即唱斯言:「毘婆尸如來於槃頭城鹿野苑中轉無上法輪。沙門、婆羅門、諸天、魔、梵及餘世人所不能轉」。如是展轉,聲徹四天王,乃至他化自在天。須臾之頃,聲至梵天。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §57
是時,王子提舍、大臣子騫茶見法得果。真實無欺。成就無畏。即白毘婆尸佛言:「我等欲於如來法中淨修梵行」。佛言:「善來,比丘。吾法清淨自在。修行以盡苦際」。爾時,二人即得具戒。具戒未久,如來又以三事示現。一曰神足、二曰觀他心、三曰教誡。即得無漏心解脫、生死無疑智。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §58
爾時,槃頭城內眾多人民,聞二人出家學道、法服持鉢、淨修梵行,皆相謂曰:「其道必真。乃使此等捨世榮位,捐棄所重」。時,城內八萬四千人往詣鹿野苑中毘婆尸佛所。頭面禮足,却坐一面。佛漸為說法。示教利喜。施論、戒論、生天之論。欲惡不淨,上漏為患;讚歎出離為最微妙,清淨第一。爾時,世尊見此大眾,心意柔輭、歡喜信樂、堪受正法。於是即為說苦聖諦。敷演開解。分布宣釋苦集聖諦,苦滅聖諦,苦出要諦。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §59
時,八萬四千人即於座上,遠塵離垢,得法眼淨。猶如素質易為受色。見法得果。真實無欺。成就無畏。即白佛言:「我等欲於如來法中,淨修梵行」。佛言:「善來,比丘。吾法清淨自在。修行以盡苦際」。時,八萬四千人即得具戒。具戒未久,世尊以三事教化:一曰神足、二曰觀他心、三曰教誡。即得無漏心解脫、生死無疑智現前。
八萬四千人聞佛於鹿野苑中,轉無上法輪。沙門、婆羅門、諸天、魔、梵及餘世人所不能轉。即詣槃頭城 毘婆尸佛所。頭面禮足。却坐一面。時,佛為說法亦復如是。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §60
爾時,槃頭城有十六萬八千大比丘眾。提舍比丘、騫茶比丘於大眾中上昇虛空。身出水火。現諸神變。而為大眾說微妙法。爾時,如來默自念言:「今此城內乃有十六萬八千大比丘眾。宜遣遊行。各二人俱,在在處處。至於六年,還來城內說具足戒」。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §61
時,首陀會天知如來心。譬如力士屈伸臂頃,從彼天沒,忽然至此。於世尊前,頭面禮足。却住一面。須臾白佛言:「如是,世尊。此槃頭城內比丘眾多。宜各分布,處處遊行。至於六年,乃還此城。說具足戒。我當擁護。令無伺求得其便者。爾時,如來聞此天語,默然可之。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §62
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §63
時,首陀會天於一年後告諸比丘:「汝等遊行已過一年。餘有五年。汝等當知,訖六年已,還城說戒」。如是至于六年。天復告言:「六年已滿。當還說戒」。時,諸比丘聞天語已。攝持衣鉢。還槃頭城。至鹿野苑毘婆尸佛所。頭面禮足。却坐一面。
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §64
Dàběn jīng 大本經: §65
爾時,世尊告諸比丘:「我自思念,昔一時於羅閱城耆闍崛山,時生是念『我所生處,無所不遍。唯除首陀會天。設生彼天。則不還此』。我時,比丘,復生是念『我欲至無造天上』。時,我如壯士屈伸臂頃,於此間沒,現於彼天。時,彼諸天見我至彼。頭面作禮。於一面立。而白我言『我等皆是毘婆尸如來弟子。從彼佛化,故來生此』。具說彼佛因緣本末。又尸棄佛、毘沙婆佛、拘樓孫佛、拘那含佛、迦葉佛、釋迦牟尼佛,皆是我師。我從受化,故來生此」。亦說諸佛因緣本末。至生阿迦尼吒諸天,亦復如是。
Page updated on 2019-02-09